Platelet-Derived Growth Factors

When platelets are activated during the application of platelet gel, a number of growth factors are released by the platelet. These concentrated growth factors immediately begin the healing processes.

Endogenous Growth Factors Involved in Wound Healing

1. Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF)

• 53-amino acid polypeptide chain
• Released during platelet degranulation
• Stimulate re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagenase activity

2. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)

• Stimulate angiogenesis                                                      
• Stimulate endothelial cell proliferation
• Stimulate collagen synthesis
• Stimulate wound contraction                                                                                         
• Stimulate matrix synthesis                                                                                                            
• Stimulate epithelialization
• Produces Keratinocyte growth factor                               

3. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

• Activates TGF-beta
• Stimulates neutrophils and macrophages
• Stimulates chemotaxis
• Stimulates mitogenesis of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
• Stimulates collagen synthesis and collagenase activity
• Stimulates angiogenesis

4. Transforming Growth Factor - Beta (TGF-β)

• Stimulates undifferentiated mesenchymal cell proliferation
• Regulates endothelial, fibroblastic and osteoblastic mitogenesis
• Regulates collagen synthesis and collagenase secretion
• Regulates mitogenic effects of other growth factors
• Stimulates endothelial chemotaxis and angiogenesis
• Reverse the inhibition of wound healing caused by glucocorticoids
• Decreased dermal scarring

5. Transforming Growth Factor - Alpha (TGF-α)

• Variant of Epithelial Growth Factor
• Produced by activated platelets, macrophages, and keratinocytes
• Stimulates mesenchymal, epithelial, and endothelial cell growth
• Stimulates endothelial chemotaxis

6. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

• Increases angiogenesis and vessel permeability
• Stimulates mitogenesis for endothelial cells

7. Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)

• Promotes angiogenesis
• Promotes cartilage regeneration
• Promotes fibrosis and platelet adhesion

 

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